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Progress of Joint Research Activities

th
Research No.: ㊱ E-12 ODA Loan Joint Research Date: Oct. 16 , 2020
1 General Title Adaptation strategies for sustainable uses of natural
resources in the context of climate change and
environmental degradation

2 Core Members CTU: : Nguyen Hieu Trung (Leader), Dang Kieu Nhan, Van Pham Dang Tri,
Nguyen Dinh Giang Nam (secretary)
Japanese Universities: TANAKA Yuji (Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology)
3 Duration Oct. 2018 – Sep. 2021 (3 years) <2 Batch>
nd
4 Main To recommend suitable natural resources governance of the Mekong Delta to adapt to climate
Objectives change and environment degradation.
5
Topic 1: Adaptive management strategies for agricultural land resources
Methods Results Conclusions
• Sites: Six districts of
two provinces: (1) Chau 1 Shifts of farming systems differs with agro-ecological zones and goals
Thanh, (2) Mo Cay of farmers at two contradictory directions (Fig. 1): The shifts:
Nam, (3) Ba Tri (Ben ✓ Freshwater agro-ecology: taking place in areas close to freshwater ➢ As a result from both natural
Tre province), (4) My 1 zone with farmers inclining with farming diversification and income driver (salinity intrusion) and
Tu, (5) Ke Sach and (6) 2 3 stability;
Tran De districts (Soc 4 5 ✓ Saline water agro-ecology: in areas close to saline water zone with socio-economic driver
Trang province) (Fig. 1) 6 farmers aiming at higher farming income and dealing with economical (governmental policy shift);
• Data collection through risks through shrimp farming. ➢ Needing to be consider at the
participatory 2 landscape level to produce
community appraisals Study site Constraints of the shifts: agricultural commodities
with local farmers, ✓ The shifts taking place at small scale; with ecological advantages
agricultural extension ✓ Conflicts over water uses between freshwater and saline water domains
staff and agro-service Fig 2. Mekong Delta map shows study six sites: (1) within communities; rather than farm scale.
Chau Thanh, (2) Mo Cay Nam, (3) Ba Tri (Ben
suppliers at district Tre province), (4) My Tu, (5) Ke Sach and (6) Tran ✓ Increasing groundwater extraction for agricultural production in both Fig 1. Farming system shifts to adapt to salinity intrusion by farmers in
level. De districts (Soc Trang province freshwater and saline water agro-ecological zones. coastal zones of the Mekong Delta
Topic 2: Surface water governance challenges in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta at the time being and future physical changes
Objectives
❖ To study changes on the current surface water resources governance (in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and transparency) related to risk management in the coastal areas of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, and
❖ To propose changes on water - related risks governance to meet the current and future challenges.
On going work Study case Results Future works
Methodology
Collection of secondary To assess the impacts of drought, salinity intrusion and surface water resource Saline intrusion in the late 2019 and early 2020 periods has 1
Field survey management on agriculture and aquaculture in the Soc Trang Province from late affected agricultural production and aquaculture in Soc
data To review documentaries based on the OECD
2019 to early 2020 period. 1 Trang province. The prolonged heat has increased the assessment framework to assess water resource
demand for water for production, both in agriculture and
aquaculture. management in the context of drought and saline
To assess the current status of saline To assess surface water resource intrusion the end of 2020 and early 2021.
water intrusion affecting agricultural management State management of surface water resources has achieved
and aquaculture 2 comprehensiveness and timeliness in the direction on surface
water resource management. 2
To evaluates the comprehensiveness of surface water Besides the positive achievements in state management, To assess the consistency and efficiency of the water
resources management based on the criterion No. 4 of the To evaluate the timeliness of management of surface
assessment framework according to the "Viewpoints and water resources based on Article 5, principles of 3 cooperation between government and local residents still resources legislation and policies in Soc Trang province
Quality Assessment Criteria on Issues of State developing and promulgating legal documents of the Law limited, leading to shortcomings of practicing of state
Management Document” on Promulgation of Legal Documents in 2015 Figure 1. Land use in Soc Trang province Figure 2. Salinity values in Soc Trang regulations and solutions.
in 2019 province in March, 2020
Publication: Ha Tan Linh, Duong Thi Truc and Van Pham Dang Tri, 2020. Effects of salinity intrusion and water resources management for agriculture and aquaculture in Soc Trang province 2019 – 2020 period. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 8
Topic 3:The development of a decision support system for groundwater management in coastal areas in MD
❖ To develop a decision-makers tool on evaluating groundwater resources ❑ Quality Assessment and building the salinity map for ❑ Developing the salinity maps and assessing the quality of groundwater in the Vinh Chau, Soc Trang
changes. BaTri’s Aquifer in Ben Tre
❖ To propose groundwater related governance to meet current and future
The study also found that the
challenges. Holocene layer of water was not salty
to ensure the use of the local people.
However, the Pleistocene layer has
high salinity, ranging from 4ppt to Impacts on agricultural Impacts on domestic use
production
The decline in groundwater reserves has led to certain difficulties in the
9ppt, and in some areas the salinity daily life of the people because the water demand cannot be met in the
is up to 17ppt.
dry season. And impacts on agricultural production a lack of freshwater
for irrigation leads to a lack of water to irrigate crops, leading to wilting
Map of salinity October 15, 2019 Map of salinity February 15, 2020 of plants (chili, beans), small bulbs (purple onion, turnip), slow growth
causing crop failure, reduced yield.
Monitoring results during the dry and rainy seasons at many points of the study area 100% 90%
showed that the salinity was not evenly distributed, ranging from 0.43 to 3.16 ppt. 80% 54% 49%
Salinity gave low value in Ward 1 and high value in Hoa Dong in Vinh Chau town, 60% 40%
Soc Trang province. Meanwhile, at the beginning of the dry season in 2020, the 20% 3%
salinity in Hoa Dong commune decreased slightly to 2.79 ppt 0%
100% 90% 27% Water local
Purpose of using the 50% 54% 49% Good Quantified
users and
Location map of monitoring well Location map of monitoring well exploitation well in 0% Living Watering Aquaculture Other 3% 59% Medium GW quality Water local users in the Vinh
Bad
by local
Vinh Chau, Soc Trang Ba Tri, Ben Tre PIPER chart Ba Tri, Ben Tre crops 14% people Pumping rates Chau, Soc Trang
Topic 4: Climate and environmental disaster management Impacts of extreme weather to animal 4.3 Multi-hazard risk
husbandry, agriculture and aquaculture
4.1. Temporal hazard assessment 4.2 Vulnerability and impacts Monthly risk of rice to multiple hazards.
Tropical cyclone tracks (1951-2019) Maximum salinity are critical levels that reduce Comparison of extreme weather Vulnerability index of a rice crop
rice yields of 25%, 50% and 75% respectively occurred in the last 15 year
4.4 Local responses to hazard
and aquaculture to to hazard:
Awareness of community to the extreme weather Autonomous adaptation of agriculture
Monthly numbers and mean latitude of Cropping calendar of rice-based farming systems and
tropical cyclones from 1951 to 2019 rice vulnerability index
Hazard indexes of tropical cyclones and salinity
Autonomous adaptation of other
Livelihood models of the local communities (%) land uses to hazard:
ⓒ All Rights Reserved, Nov. 2020 (CTU)
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